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KMID : 1034720190110010022
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Journal of Neurosonology and Neuroimaging
2019 Volume.11 No. 1 p.22 ~ p.33
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Patent Foramen Ovale: Risk Factors and Diagnostic Comparison of Transcranial Doppler versus Echocardiography for Secondary Stroke Prevention
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Malhotra Konark
Katsanos Aristeidis
Frogoudak Alexandra
Vrettou Agathi-Rosa
Ikonomidis Ignatios
Tsivgoulis Georgios
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Abstract
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Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is the most common cause of right-to-left shunt that increases the potential for paradoxical embolism. Management of patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke with PFO pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians. In this review article, we briefly discuss various factors associated with PFO that increase its causal relationship with cryptogenic ischemic stroke. We extensively discuss various diagnostic modalities (transcranial Doppler vs. transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography) available for detection and detailed evaluation of PFO, compare the advantages and disadvantages among these diagnostic modalities and further provide the updated recommendations for medical and interventional treatment options for cryptogenic stroke patients diagnosed with PFO.
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KEYWORD
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Patent foramen ovale, Transcranial doppler ultrasonography, Echocardiography, Cryptogenic ischemic stroke
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